Q4.1: NLP References and Books

Take a look at the FAQ for the "comp.ai" newsgroup as it also includes some useful references.

• James Allen: Natural Language Understanding, (Benjamin/Cummings Series in Computer Science) Menlo Park: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, 1987.
  • This book consists of four parts: syntactic processing, semantic interpretation, context and world knowledge, and response generation.
• G. Gazdar and C. Mellish, Natural Language Processing in Prolog, Addison Wesley, 1989
• G. Gazdar and C. Mellish, Natural Language Processing in Lisp, Addison Wesley, 1989
• G. Gazdar and C. Mellish, Natural Language Processing in Pop11, Addison Wesley, 1989
  • Emphasis on parsing, especially unification-based parsing, lots of details on the lexicon, feature propagation, etc. Fair coverage of semantic interpretation, inference in natural language processing, and pragmatics; much less extensive than in Allen's book, but more formal. There are three versions, one for each programming language listed above, with complete code.
• Shapiro, Stuart C.: Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence Vol.1 and 2. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990.
  • There are articles on the different areas of natural language processing which also give additional references.
• Paris, Ce'cile L.; Swartout, William R.; Mann, William C.: Natural Language Generation in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
  • The book describes the most current research developments in natural language generation and all aspects of the generation process are discussed. The book is comprised of three sections: one on text planning, one on lexical choice, and one on grammar.
• Readings in Natural Language Processing, ed by B. Grosz, K. Sparck Jones and B. Webber, Morgan Kaufmann, 1986
  • A collection of classic papers on Natural Language Processing. Fairly complete at the time the book came out (1986) but now seriously out of date. Still useful for ATN's, etc.
• Klaus K. Obermeier, Natural Language Processing Technologies in Artificial Intelligence: The Science and Industry Perspective, Ellis Horwood Ltd, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1989.

The following are extensive bibliographies related to NLP:

• Computational Parsing : Syntactic Analysis, Semantic Analysis, Semantic Interpretation, Parsing Algorithms, Parsing Strategies : BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Conrad F. Sabourin 1994, 2 volumes, 1029p, ISBN 2-921173-02-6, INFOLINGUA inc., P.O. Box 187 Snowdon, Montreal, H3X 3T4, Canada.
• Computational Text Understanding : Natural Language Programming, Argument Analysis : BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Conrad F. Sabourin 1994, 657p, ISBN 2-921173-06-9, INFOLINGUA inc., P.O. Box 187 Snowdon, Montreal, H3X 3T4, Canada.
  See also: http://gomer.mlink.net/infolingua.html
• Computational Text Generation : Generation from data or Linguistic Structure, Text Planning, Sentence Generation, Explanation Generation : BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Conrad F. Sabourin with a survey article by Mark T. Maybury 1994, 649p, ISBN 2-921173-07-7, INFOLINGUA inc., P.O. Box 187 Snowdon, Montreal, H3X 3T4, Canada.
  See also: http://gomer.mlink.net/infolingua.html
• Natural Language Processing : Interfaces to Databases, to Expert Systems, to Robots, to Operating Systems, and to Question-Answering Systems : BIBLIOGRAPHY, by Conrad F. Sabourin, 1994, 2 volumes, 847p, ISBN 2-921173-08-5 INFOLINGUA inc., P.O. Box 187 Snowdon, Montreal, H3X 3T4, Canada
  See also: http://gomer.mlink.net/infolingua.html

Journals

The major journals of the field are

• Computational Linguistics and Cognitive Science for the artificial intelligence aspects,
• Cognition for the psychological aspects,
• Language and Linguistics and Philosophy and Linguistic Inquiry for the linguistic aspects.
• Artificial Intelligence occasionally has papers on natural language processing.

Conferences

The major NLP conferences are

• ACL: held annually
• COLING: held biannually

Most AI conferences have a NLP track; AAAI, ECAI, IJCAI and the Cognitive Science Society conferences usually interesting for NLP. CUNY is an important psycholinguistic conference. Other conferences include NELS, the conference of the Chicago Linguistic Society (CLS), WCCFL, LSA, the Amsterdam Colloquium, and SALT.

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