Dr Graham Treece, Department of Engineering
wxDicom documentation
Image processing controls
These controls are all associated with how the current image is processed. They can be accessed from the 'Process' tab in the control area on the right. The display image updates automatically when any of these controls are changed. Controls are only visible if they are relevant to the currently selected filter. The Structurally varying bitonic filter is described in a paper: G. M. Treece. Morphology-based Noise Reduction: Structural Variation and Thresholding in the Bitonic Filter. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 29, pp. 336-350, 2020. And is also available as a technical report at https://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/reports/abstracts/biomed/treece_tr705.html The Bitonic filter is described in a paper: G. M. Treece. The bitonic filter: linear filtering in an edge-preserving morphological framework. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 5199-5211, November 2016. And is also available as a technical report at https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252987- Noise
- This should be set to the type of noise present in the image:
- Additive
- The noise has been added to the image after creation.
- Sensor Noise 1
- The noise is directly from the light sensors when the image was taken, and simple demozaicing has been performed afterwards on the RAW color filter array image.
- Sensor Noise 2
- The noise is directly from the light sensors when the image was taken, and more complex demozaicing has been performed afterwards.
- Filter type
- This determines how the image is filtered, with options as follows:
- No filtering
- Just display the original image.
- Mean filter
- A mean filter applied over whatever mask has been selected, with radius given by the filter range.
- Gaussian filter
- A Gaussian filter with standard deviation given by 0.65 times the filter range, and applied over the range +/- two standard deviations. These values are designed to result in a similar blur as the mean filter when the filter range slider is set to the same value.
- Median filter
- A median filter applied over whatever mask has been selected, with radius given by the filter range.
- Opening filter
- A morphological opening, using the selected mask as the structuring element, with radius given by the filter range.
- Closing filter
- A morphological closing, using the selected mask as the structuring element, with radius given by the filter range.
- OCCO filter
- A morphologial opening-closing averaged with a closing-opening, using the selected mask as the structuring element, with radius given by the filter range.
- Grain filter
- A self-dual area filter which will eliminate any components (grains) which have area less then a square with half-length given by the filter range.
- OCCO levelling
- A self-dual levelling based on reconstruction, with a mask based on an OCCO filter as above.
- Gaussian levelling
- A self-dual levelling based on reconstruction, with a mask based on a Gaussian filter as above.
- Image-guided filter
- An image-guided filter with physical extent given by the filter range, but also has a data extent, i.e. how similar the data values should be in order to combine them.
- Anisotropic filter
- A directional Gaussian filter which has a shape and orientation determined by the local anisotropy in the image. The extent is determined by the filter range, but the amount of anisotropy can also be adjusted.
- Bitonic filter
- Various edge-preserving Bitonic filters, with extent given by the filter range, and a specified centile. These can either be fixed or structurally varying, or locally varying, according to the choice of masks, below.
- Filter range
- The extent of the filters as defined above, where the filter width is two times the filter range plus one.
- Filter data level
- If enabled, this sets either a maximum or a guidance data level for restricting processing to relative differences below this level. The 'auto' button attempts to set this level directly from the data: this works better for images with visible noise.
- Filter anisotropy
- If enabled, this controls the extent of anisotropy for the anisotropic filter.
- Multi-resolution filter
- If enabled, the filter above will be applied in a multi-resolution framework with a number of levels given by the following slider. This works better if the filter data level has been set appropriately.
- Filter mask
- The selection mask which is used to determine what local pixels are involved in the filtering process, particularly for morphological operations. Not all the following options are used for all the types of filters:
- Fixed circular mask
- Circular selection, which is the default for the fixed bitonic filter.
- Varying mask (Bitonic V)
- Use structurally varying (adaptive) morphology, which automatically chooses the appropriate mask from a set of thin and fat ellipses with various orientations.
- Local mask (Bitonic X)
- Use new locally-varying morphology, which automatically chooses the appropriate mask, of any form, from the local properties of the data.
- Fixed square mask
- Square selection.
- Fixed cross mask
- Horizontal-vertical cross selection.
- Fixed line mask
- Line selection, with orientation given by the following slider.
- Fixed ellipse mask
- Ellipse selection, with orientation given by the following slider.
- Use area attribute
- Instead of using a mask of fixed shape, filter depending on the number of connected pixels. In this case the area is given by the square of (two times the filter range plus 1).
- Mask centile
- If enabled, this controls the centile for any filters involving morphological operations. Should normally be set to 8 for fixed and local masks, or 4 for varying masks.
- Mask orientation
- If enabled, the orientation of the fixed mask.
- High-pass or enhance
- This is only visible if the image is being filtered. Checking this box will display the difference between the filtered output and the original image. Otherwise, the following slider controls the level of enhancement. If this slider is set to zero, the image processing is applied in the normal manner. If it is greater than zero, some of the difference between the initial image and filtered result is added back to the filtered image. When using filters which tend to blur the image, the result is to accentuate small details in the image without changing the background levels.
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